Causes & Risk Factors
Alzheimer’s disease doesn’t have a single cause. It develops from a combination of age, genetics, lifestyle, and health factors. While some risks cannot be changed, research shows that healthy habits may help reduce your chances of developing the disease.
AGE: THE GREATEST RISK FACTOR
Age is the strongest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s.
- 1 in 8 people over age 65 has Alzheimer’s.
- Nearly half of people over age 85 live with the disease.
FAMILY HISTORY & GENETICS
Having a parent, sibling, or multiple family members with Alzheimer’s raises your risk 2–3 times.
- Scientists have identified one common gene that increases risk but does not guarantee the disease.
- Rare genes that virtually guarantee Alzheimer’s account for fewer than 1% of cases worldwide.
OTHER RISK FACTORS YOU CAN INFLUENCE
While we can’t change our age or family history, other risk factors may be preventable or manageable:
- Head Injury: Wear seatbelts, helmets, and make your home “fall-proof.”
- Healthy Aging: Control blood pressure, weight, and cholesterol; exercise both body and mind; eat a balanced diet; and stay socially engaged.
- Type 2 Diabetes: More common in Latinos and African Americans, diabetes may be linked to Alzheimer’s.
DIABETES & ALZHEIMER’S: WHAT WE KNOW
Scientists are still studying the connection, but high blood sugar and insulin may harm the brain by:
- Damaging blood vessels that supply the brain.
- Disrupting essential brain chemicals.
- Causing inflammation that damages brain cells.
Tip: Work with your doctor to detect and manage diabetes or other health concerns early. Even with diabetes, proper treatment may help reduce Alzheimer’s-related complications.
NEED HELP OR WANT TO LEARN MORE?
If you or someone you love is experiencing memory loss, dementia, or Alzheimer’s disease, you’re not alone. Act Now Foundation offers free programs, support groups, and educational resources for families and caregivers in Northern New Jersey.